Thursday, December 3, 2009

RJA #15b: Reflection on What You Learned

In english 1020, I learned a lot about social networking sites and research outlets. I was able to define the differences between different styles of documentation, and hopefully that will serve me well in future classes. I also learned a lot about organization and composition because of having to write a 12-page paper. Beforehand, the longest paper I had written was about 6 pages, so the difference was pretty overwhelming. Although I had a few problems along the way, I was able to complete a good paper (at least I think it is until I find out otherwise) and i'm hoping that I was able to earn an A for the course.

RJA #15a: Word Cloud

This is the url for my wordle word cloud.
http://www.wordle.net/show/wrdl/1406888/human_genetic_manipulation

Sunday, November 22, 2009

RJA #14: Annotated Bibliography, Part 2

-Baxamusa, Batul N. "Genetic Engineering in Humans." Buzzle.com. Ed. Sayali B. Patil. Buzzle, 23 Sept. 2009. Web. 10 Nov. 2009.

This source was really useful in relating the background information for my topic. The author has a couple of bachelor's degrees in micro biology and genetics, so she obviously knows what she's talking about. The site that this is published on seems very credible too because it's a collaboration of various experts in different fields. The main points that I will use this source for is to illustrate how genetic manipulation is done.

-Bohlin, Ray G. "Human Genetic Engineering." Leadership U. Probe Ministries International, 5 Jan. 2009. Web. 2 Nov. 2009.

This source is very credible and important because the author has 3 different degrees in related fields, and because the author is part of a Christian organization his writing won't be biased towards approval of human genetic manipulation. His opinion will be helpful in shaping arguments and cross-arguments for objections.

-Brenner, Matt. "Human Cloning and Genetic Modification." Association of Reproductive Health Professionals Ed. Janet Riessman. Center for Genetics and Society, 15 Jan. 2009. Web. 16 Nov. 2009.

Again, this source is going to be useful in presenting background information, as well as for the argument i'm making in support of human genetic manipulation. The author seems very credible and knowledgeable concerning the topic, and doesn't appear to have any particular bias.

-Genome Management Information System. Human Genome Project Information. Ed. Holly L. Haun. U.S. Department of Energy, 30 July 2008. Web. 8 Nov. 2009.

This source is going to be very helpful because this site is controlled and operated by the Human Genome Project who do the majority of genetic research in the United States. The background information, as well as pro arguments for this technology will be in great number on this site, but it will be good for at least one side of my argument.

-Gruskin, Sofia, Michael A. Groden, and Stephen P. Marks. Perspectives on Health and Human Rights. New York: Taylor & Francis Group, 2005. 169-75. Print.

This book talks about the societal and ethical implications of human genetic manipulation. I used it in the formation of my arguments and cross-arguments in the paper, and some of the reasoning behind why i'm making the argument I am.

-Guttmacher, Alan E. National Human Genome Research Institute Ed. Francis S. Collins. National Institutes of Health, 1 June 2002. Web. 1 Nov. 2009.

This site is a division of the National Institutes of Health, so it's obviously really credible. This is where I got one of my figures for the paper, and some of the background and pro arguments for my paper.

Saturday, November 14, 2009

RJA #13b: Annotated Bibliography, Part 1

1) Gunderson, Martin. "Seeking Perfection: A Kantian Look at Human Genetic". Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 2007: 87-102. Web 10 October 2009.

This source seems very credible because it has a lot of outside research. It's not going to be very useful for practical reasons because it deals a lot with the ethics which can be very subjective. The article is published in a medical journal though so it should be credible enough for me to use in my paper. I think that i'm going to use it mostly to present the opposing argument and refute it.

2) Simmons, D. (2008) Genetic inequality: Human Genetic Engineering. Nature Education 1(1). Web 17 October 2009.

This source seems pretty credible also. It is published by a site that has a lot of credibility and asserts itself as being academic. I think I can use this in my paper, but i'll have to be careful to use only information written by experts, and not people who are replying or commenting. This particular source will be good to use in the body of my argument. It has information on the practice of human genetic manipulation, so that will be useful when arguing for this research.

3) Shanks, Pete. Human Genetic Engineering: A Guide for Activists, Skeptics, and the Very Perplexed. New York: Nation Books, 2005.

This book seems very credible because the author has a couple of degrees and he has written other scholarly books on similar subjects. The sources for his writing are vast and diverse so I believe he got an objective view of the topic. This source will be useful for making my argument for human genetic manipulation, as well as in presenting some background information at the beginning of my paper.

4) Communications and Public Liaison Branch, "Genome.gov". National Human Genome Research Institute. Web 15 October 2009

This source is extremely credible because this is the organization that is doing the majority of research on this topic. They are isolating and categorizing all of the genomes in human DNA. This source will be useful for presenting some arguments for human genetic manipulation, as well as technical background information and examples.

RJA #13a: Field Research Report

Survey:
Questions
1) Should human genetic manipulation be allowed?
2) " " for treating medical conditions?
3) " " for embryos and egg cells to prevent birth defects and disease?
4) If you could choose what your child would look like, would you?
5) Do you think human genetic manipulation will be beneficial to society as a whole?

Results
1) Yes-31, No-19
2) Yes-35, No-15
3) Yes-20, No-30
4) Yes-14, No-36
5) Yes-28, No-22

Thursday, November 5, 2009

RJA #12c: Introduction Check

http://jalves1.blogspot.com/2009/11/research-journal-assignment-11a.html

http://stinoeng.blogspot.com/2009/11/rja-11a.html

RJA #12b: Presentation Plan

The types of human genetic manipulation:
-somatic
a) description of how it's done.

-germ line
a) description of how it's done.

-differences between the two.

Applications of human genetic manipulation:
-treatments and therapies
a) List of different conditions that can be treated by human genetic manipulation
-Alzheimers
-Diabetes
-Lymphoma
-Cystic Fibrosis
-Muscular Dystrophy

(1) non-pathogenic virus to insert missing or broken genomes into body cells which replicate and allow DNA to function normally and the condition is corrected or improved.
b) Example- Diabetes- allows DNA to spur more natural insulin production in the pancreas (focused treatment on pancreas cells, or can allow the body to use insulin more efficiently and metabolize glucose (blood treatment).

c) Better drugs can be produced based on effects on genetic samples (drugs that are more specialized and more efficient-some used in the U.K.)

-disease prevention
a) list of preventable diseases
-Achondoplasia (genetic cause of dwarfism)
-Bipolar disorder
-Down Syndrome
-Hemophilia
-Huntington's disease
-Sicle Cell Anemia
-color blindness

b) Example- germline modification will allow DNA to be 'mapped' and genome or chromosome anomolies that cause genetic disease can be treated before birth (therefore the child will be born without said condition.

RJA #12a: Progress Report

For the purposes of writing my paper i've completed a lot. I'm already finished with the formal outline and planning for it, as well as the vast majority of the research that i'm going to need to complete the paper. I've already figured out what type of visuals i'm going to use in the paper itself, and i'm done with my field research (email interview). Also, I have already written the introduction to the paper, and although it may need some slight revisions, it's pretty good.

However, there's still some things I need to do to finish the paper. I need to finish siting my sources on a bibliography and select the specific diagrams that i'm going to use for my visuals. Also, I need to write the first draft of the body and the conclusion, but this should be relatively easy considering I have my outline. From there I just need to worry about annotating my bibliography and making sure that my paper is concise and well-written.
To finish the first draft, I plan taking time next week after I make my presentation. By the night of the 18th I will have completed the writing so that I can focus on finishing my bibliography then. Any futher research I will finish during the weekend after class on the 12th.

Wednesday, October 28, 2009

RJA #11c: Thesis Statement Check

http://jalves1.blogspot.com/2009/10/research-journal-assignment-10a.html
http://stinoeng.blogspot.com/2009/10/rja-10a.html

RJA #11b: Visual Aids

1) A diagram illustrating how either, or both types of genetic manipulation is executed.
2) A picture that shows how genetic modifaction is used to treat disease.
3) A table of results of a poll taken to see popular opinion on different aspects of human genetic manipulation
-should it be legalized?
-should it be allowed in embryos?
-is it better or worse overall for society?
-etc.
4) A chart of possible recipients of genetic therapies derived from human genetic manipulation-people who would benefit from the technology based on different ailments or diseases (diabetes, cancer,etc.).
5) Picture/s of people with conditions that can be treated using human genetic manipulation, or of children with medically-involved birth defects that could have been prevented by h.g. manipulation (down syndrome, autism, etc.)?

RJA #11a: Introduction

Imagine you have cancer- metastatic melanoma to be exact, which means that your immune system is deficient and can't help you recover if you get sick. This means that if you get even the slightest cold or minor infection it could cause you to become violently ill or possibly die. Now imagine there's a treatment that could significatly restore your immunities by attacking the cancer cells and bolstering your health- sounds like something out of a science-fiction book right? Wrong! With human gene therapies and human genetic manipulation, this relief as well as many other treatments are already possible. Human genetic manipulation and testing should only be allowed for the purpose of treating malevolent medical conditions. This would set a clear guideline on how far the implementation of this technology could go which will prevent possible, negative consequences such as engineering people for aesthetic purposes, or overpopulation due to extended longevity. While preventing overuse and abuse of this powerful new technology, such restrictions will allow this research to be utilized to help improve the lives of millions.

Thursday, October 22, 2009

RJA #10b: Argument

Argument:
+++Reason 1
--Practical-Human genetic manipulation can alleviate existing conditions for people who suffer from genetic diseases: spina bifita, autism, certain types of cancer,etc.

-less expensive therapy without potential side effects (other medications or radiation therapy)
-Ethics-utilitarian approach (maximizing happiness/minimizing suffering)

+++Reason 2
--Practical-germ line manipulation would allow children to be born without maladies which means less suffering on their part, and less expenditures on health care
-this research could allow parents to prevent their child being born with preventable diseases, but the line must be drawn at what is absolutely necessary for well-being

-Draws the line at necessary medical conditions.
-preventing engineered people for purposes that aren't medically important would disallow 'designer babies'
-could prevent diseases from being passed to subsequent generations.
-Ethical-Utilitarianism, Deontology (respects a universal maxim that all would chose to be born free of maladies)

+++Reason 3
--Practical-If we use genetic engineering too extensively, then there will be societal drawbacks:

-with cosmetic human genetic manipulation people's differences would be more scrutinized in a malevolent sense because engineered people would be 'elite' as opposed to people born with 'flaws'.
-if human genetic manipulation was limited to disease-control/prevention purposes alone, it would prevent weapons applications also
-too much genetic manipulation could cause unforeseen consequences such as DNA degeneration or mutation
-too much manipulation on traits like longevity will greatly affect the rate of population growth.
-Ethical-utilitarianism (max. happiness by preventing discrimination, etc. spurred by creating people- reference Hitler) Deontology (Preserves the humanity and individualism of an unborn person by not changing physical traits for cosmetic purposes)

RJA #10a: Thesis Statement

Research Question-
Should human genetic manipulation and testing be legalized for medical purposes?
Precise Claim-
Human genetic manipulation and testing on humans should be legalized for medical purposes, but only for treatment of serious existing medical conditions.
Reasons-
1)Human genetic manipulation can alleviate existing conditions for people who suffer from genetic diseases such as spina bifita, autism, etc.
-less expensive therapy without potential side effects
2)This research can allow parents to prevent their child being born with preventable diseases but the distinction must be made between what is medically necessary and what isn't- therefore it would prevent manipulation from going too far-i.e. engineering people to be a specific way (physical attributes, mental capacity, etc.)
3)If we use genetic enginnering too extensively, then there will be societal drawbacks such as overpopulation.
Thesis:
Human genetic manipulation and testing should only be allowed for the purpose of treating malevolent medical conditions. This would set a clear guideline on how far the implementation of this technology could go which will prevent possible negative consequences such as engineering people for unnecessary purposes and overpopulation due to extended longevity, and it will allow this research to be utilized to help improve the lives of already-living people.

Wednesday, October 21, 2009

Extra Credit #1 Zakta Guide



Thursday, October 15, 2009

RJA #9: Evaluation of Sources

-Gunderson, Martin. "Seeking Perfection: A Kantian Look at Human Genetic". Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 2007: 87-102.

This source seems very credible because it has a lot of outside research. It's not exacty practically credible necessarily though because it deals a lot with ethics which can be subjective at times. The article is published in a medical journal though so it should be credible enough for me to use in my paper.

-Simmons, D. (2008) Genetic inequality: Human genetic engineering. Nature Education 1(1)

This source seems pretty credible also. It is published by a site that has a lot of credibility and self-asserts itself as being academic. I think I can use this in my paper, but i'll have to be careful that I use information written by the experts and not people who are replying or commenting.

-Shanks, Pete. Human Genetic Engineering: A Guide for Activists, Skeptics, and the Very Perplexed. New York: Nation Books, 2005.

This book seems very credible becasue the author has a couple of degrees and he has written other scholarly books on similar subjects. The sources for his writing are vast and diverse so I believe he got an objective view of the topic.

-Marks, Stephen. "Tying Prometheus down: The international law of human genetic manipulation". Chicago Journal of International Law . Chicago: University of Chicago Law School, 2002.

This source is credible because it's published by a very known and respected journal. The journal is published by the University of Chicago Law School as well, which leads me to believe that this source is extremely accurate, and worth using on my paper.

-Communications and Public Liaison Branch, "Genome.gov". National Human Genome Research Institute. 10/15/2009 http://www.genome.gov/Research/.

This is a very credible source too. The human genome project is the organization that doesn't the majority of research on human genetics in the U.S. so it's safe to assume that their website has good information.

-AllAboutGOD.com. "Human Genetic Engineering- A Very Hot Issue!". All About Popular Issues. 10/15/2009 http://www.allaboutpopularissues.org/human-genetic-engineering.htm.

This website might not be very credible. On the surface it looks like it holds water, but after further analysis I found that it was created by a religious group so the information is probably swayed to protect religious beliefs and/or interests. I highly doubt i'll be using this source for my paper.

Friday, October 9, 2009

RJA #8c: Multimedia

Blinkx.com
Keywords: human, genetic, manipulation, engineering, DNA
Search strategies: some boolean search engine modifiers
Date of search: 10/9/09
18,000 hits
3 out of 5 relevance

RJA #8b: Social Media

Icerocket.com
Keywords: human, genetic, manipulation, engineering, dna
Search Strategies: Advanced search with search engine math
Date searched: 10/9/09
67 hits
3 out of 5 relevance

Feedmill.com
Keywords: human, genetic, manipulation, engineering, dna
Search Strategies: Advanced search with search engine math
Date searched: 10/9/09
5,939 hits
3 out of 5 relevance

RJA #8a: Websites

Google.com
keywords: human, genetic, manipulation, engineering, DNA
advanced search with boolean and search engine math
Searched 10/9/09
74,700 hits
3.5 out of 5 relevance

Allplus.com Metacrawler
keywords: human, genetic, manipulation, engineering, DNA
advanced search with boolean and search engine math
Searched 10/9/09
140 hits
4.5 out of 5 relevance

Directory-Hound.com
keywords: human, genetic, manipulation, engineering, DNA
advanced search with boolean and search engine math
Searched 10/9/09
77,000 hits
4 out of 5 relevance

Incywincy.com
keywords: human, genetic, manipulation, engineering, DNA
advanced search with boolean and search engine math
Searched 10/9/09
3,451 hits
3.5 out of 5 relevance

Iresearch-reporter.com
keywords: human, genetic, manipulation, engineering, DNA
advanced search with boolean and search engine math
Searched 10/9/09
5 hits
4.5 out of 5 relevance

Thursday, October 8, 2009

Internet Research Project

-IncyWincy
http://www.Incywincy.com
This engine is used to find deep-web information, and in that regard it's very useful. The directory for the site is extensive which is helpful as well, but the overall amount of information in the database isn't comparable to that of google, etc. The other interesting thing about this search tool is that it has an option to search for just larger sites that have searches within them. This would be effective for finding more credible resources possibly because a site is probably professional and legitimate if it has a database that can be searched.
Strengths of IncyWincy are that it can search deep-web information and that it tells you by percentage how relevant the results are to your search terms. Weaknesses are that it isn't that large of a database and that the advanced search tool isn't very in-depth or useful. IncyWincy searches "hundreds of thousands" of other search engines and directories apparently, but the amount of results I got when using it suggests otherwise. This engine accepts some search engine math and parentheses, but doesn't work with boolean search operators. The searches aren't case sensitive so if you accidentally type a capital letter instead of a lowercase-or vice versa, there won't be an effect on the results. Stop words don't work on this site, and the advanced search function isn't anything special. The advanced search gives you an option to search for 'exact phrase', 'all words' or 'any of these words' and allows you to limit the amount of results per page, as well as change the search language. The results are sorted according to relevance determined by IncyWincy's "unique search engine relevancy algorithm", and are displayed in a standard text listing format similar to other basic search engines. IncyWincy seems pretty straightforward and doesn't have a help function or any special features that I can see. Overall it seems like this engine could be very useful, but outside of its deep-web search capabilities it's nothing special.

Monday, October 5, 2009

RJA #7c: Field Research Plan

For the field research part of my sources i'm planning on conducting an interview of someone who works in the genetics field. Theoretically, i'd like to be able to complete this interview and have the information I need for this portion of the research within the next two to 3 weeks, but who knows exactly how long it will take to get the attention and time of such an expert. When I conduct the interview, I plan on asking some general questions like "do you think that genetic research will be a cure-all solution to disease?" or "does the ethical protestation of genetic research prevent timely breakthroughs?". Then i'll lead into more technical questions so that i'll know some specifics on how the genetic modification process works. "how are different genomes isolated?", "how do you know there won't be adverse consequences to this technology later?"